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Season 3 | Episode 1

Placebo

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With new research demonstrating the startling power of the placebo effect, this hour of Radiolab examines the chemical consequences of belief and imagination.

Could the best medicine be no medicine at all? We take stock of the pharmacy in our brains, consider the symbolic power of the doctor coat, and visit the tent of a self-proclaimed faith healer.

Guests:

Dr. Naji Abumrad, Fabrizio Benedetti, preacher Steve Buza, Dr. Daniel Carr, Ed Cohen, Ann Harrington, Dr. Albert Mason, Daniel Moerman and Tor Wager

Pinpointing the Placebo Effect

All over the world, people say they are healed by things that turn out to be placebo. So it's easy to think that they must have been faking in the first place if all it took was a little sugar pill to assuage their ailments. But keep your scoffing at ...

Comments [20]

The White Coat

Next up: a look at the placebo effect from the doctor's perspective. How the medical context alone can be the key into the brain's healing resources. We'll hear the story of Dr. Albert Mason, who found he had super-powers, used them for good, and then lost them forever. Then, we'll ...

Comments [7]

Faith Healers

The very first placebo-controlled trial may have been the debunking of the charismatic Anton Mesmer (the enigmatic source responsible for the verb “to mesmerize”), an enlightenment figure with a healing technique that Ben Franklin, for one, thought was basically placebo performance. Historians Ed Cohen ...

Comments [17]

Comments [30]

joyce

WISH THERE WAS A PLACEBO FOR HOT FLASHES!!!!

Feb. 26 2012 04:06 PM
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Kate

harvard just started a program to research the placebo effect, website is www.programinplacebostudies.org

Jan. 06 2012 11:54 AM
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I love the fact of the history on this topic.Medical trials still go on today with the placebo.Are you scared or is it your belief to judge this episode ?

Dec. 18 2011 12:01 AM
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Professor Riffs

Maybe the worst episode of Radiolab. The placebo effect is quackery extreme... I can see no reason to give it this much positive attention.

Oct. 08 2011 02:44 PM
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Aimee from Perth, Australia

I laughed when I heard the story of the lady's faith healing: I know how that trick works. You can try it yourself. First, the control: form an "O" between you thumb and forefinger, with your wrist straight. Try to pull through your thumb and forfinger with the other hand - I know I can't. Now form the "O" with your wrist bent at 90 degrees; this time it's easy to pull through the thumb and forefinger.

I'd bet a large Easter egg that that's how the faith healer did it. When the wrist is bent, the finger grip is significantly weaker.

Source: Practicing Aikido regularly.

Sep. 29 2011 05:01 AM
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Finally! We sail beyond the domain of the merely scientific! This is the stuff leaps in knowledge are made of! But don't let anyone convince you that "we don't know why this works." We know plenty about why it works.

Sep. 10 2011 06:20 PM
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AHodges from Indianapolis

The placebo affect is the only reason homeopathic hucksters can make a buck. They sell a "remedy" that is so diluted that it doesn't have ANY active ingredient. Don't get taken for a ride by these quacks. Be an educated and demanding consumer!

Aug. 07 2011 11:36 PM
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PeterAlanHOffman from wes seeya

The part about the hypnosis reminds me of kungfu the legend continues where cain says something about how when the spirit is in control the body obeys. this is when he fell and hurt his hand and it healed because his mind commanded his body

Jul. 11 2011 09:42 PM
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David from Chicago

Maybe there should be a follow-up given this info:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1Q3jZw4FGs&feature=player_embedded
Dr. Ben Goldacre does a stand-up routine about medicine, the placebo effect, and the mysteries of the human body at Nerdstock.

Jan. 18 2011 02:06 PM
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Emma

This is so cool! I was so excited when I heard this just a couple of days ago. I have to do a science project for my biology class, and I didn't realize it but it was closely related to placebos! I'm entering into the science fair. Hope I get to nationals!

Jan. 01 2011 02:30 PM
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jeffredachmd from florida

Another placebo effect: A study published in JAMA reported that SSRI antidepressants are no better than placebo for most cases of depression. The authors reviewed 30 years of data and concluded that "the benefit of antidepressant medication compared with placebo may be minimal or nonexistent in patients with mild or moderate symptoms". ref JAMA 2010;303(1):47-53)

For more:

http://jeffreydach.com/2010/01/21/jama-says-ssri-antidepressants-are-placebos-by-jeffrey-dach-md.aspx

jeffrey dach md

Dec. 28 2010 09:45 AM
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Josh

Here is an interesting story on NPR about placebos that work even when the patient knows what they are!

http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2010/12/23/132281484/fake-pills-can-work-even-if-patients-know-it

Dec. 23 2010 11:18 AM
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googie

where can i find those picturs of the buy with the warts on his arms

Nov. 24 2010 08:49 AM
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nardan from USA

I hope the story about the boy with one arm healed had been checked, because in another interview it was the left arm that was healed:
"So I hypnotised him and told him that the warts would go from his left arm, and sent him away."
http://www.melanie-klein-trust.org.uk/masoninterview.htm

Oct. 26 2010 12:21 AM
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mel from meadville, pa

i am fairly new to radio lab, and so i will listen to the podcasts over and over to make sure i gather all of the information and interpret it well... i thought this was a wonderful "article", however i strongly disagree with the mention of the soldiers in the battle field and their way of thinking... soldiers do not think about the awards they may receive or the parades that may be had- they are trained to work as a unit and their mind set was more likely to be a thought of "someone else needs the morphine" or even that their body was naturally "high" on adrenaline with a raised level of endorphins. i relate the comradeship closely to mother and child. soldiers are willing to die for each other, much like a mother would do for her child. they bond in ways that are unimaginable. they are faced with a life and death situation and they know that the actions as a unit will win the battle, actions as an individual will lose the battle and likely the life of yourself and others.

Sep. 14 2010 01:28 PM
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anglafro

The last part of the podcast mentions an old lady and her wrist problems. In the story, the lady said that the dude massaged her wrist. Not a lot of people know that massages can temporarily cure arthritis.

the old lady was tricked...

Aug. 04 2010 04:42 AM
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Bob, you said it all and effectively cut this debate short. Congrats, you earned an Honorable Mention at the International Contest of Compact Statements which Cut Discussions Short. Heh heh heh. . .

Apr. 02 2010 11:54 AM
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Bob Roney

Belief may heal but ignorance kills.

Mar. 20 2010 02:49 PM
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Fast Eddie B. (Ed Benson)

Just an anecdote:

I saw a chiropractor for many, many years for low back problems. I would have said that the treatments seemed to work. Then I moved and stopped seeing a chiropractor. Now, 4 years later, I can say my back is better than ever, with NO manipulation.
I had a similar experience with glucosamine - it seemed to work, but when I stpped taking it I could see no difference.

Just my .02.

Mar. 07 2010 09:16 AM
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dddoofus

what happened to the boy whose 1 arm was cured of Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma? did the rest of his skin ever heal? or just the 1 arm? find him and do a follow up interview!

Jan. 26 2010 10:01 PM
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Cindy

I found it interesting that the shaman story at the beginning of the show seems to contradict the conclusion of your hypnotist doctor, yet no mention is made of this on the show. The shaman-in-training knew he was a fake, and found he healed people anyway. This seems to undercut the medical hypnotist's opinion.

Jan. 13 2010 06:01 PM
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Travis

Chris, that's a terrible story, but I think you are overreacting to this broadcast. Radiolab and the people they interviewed acknowledged the limitations of the placebo effect.

Would you also fault them for exploring the wonders of Asprin merely because it can't cure cancer?

Jan. 08 2010 11:41 AM
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Marco Raaphorst

again such a play with audio

greetings from Holland

Jan. 03 2010 09:05 AM
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Lillian

Somewhat new to Radiolab, I had not heard this broadcast before. I didn't perceive this article as being about healing per se, or as espousing placebo treatments in particular, but as a conversation about what is known, and becoming more consciously known, about one of the elegant complexities of the mind. And about how we experience these phenomena daily, moment by moment, and this knowledge is reflected outright in our languages and cultures to the point that it is usually unnoticed among what we consider the conscious, logical landscape of life. Thank you, Radiolab for, again, agitating the mixture so that intriguing bubbles may surface.

Dec. 31 2009 04:14 AM
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y

Also, I've been going to PT and chiropractic for 3 months. Chiropractic is only half of the story. The only way to permanently change the way the spine is going to align is to strengthen it. A lot of doctors know this and will strictly not to physical therapy so that they can hold on to a patient longer.

Dec. 30 2009 06:06 PM
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y

Chris,
You have a great point about pseudoscience but you can't dismiss chiropractic medicine entirely. After a violent car accident, your spine can be seriously damaged. As in, the force of the wreck can cause muscles and bones to shift in ways that cause extreme discomfort. Also, some people develop scoliosis after childhood which can cause severe pain and discomfort.

Some chiropractors are all too happy to crack the bones of young children, pregnant mothers, and those of us too weak to realize that we're being ripped off. It's unfortunate that the system can be abused for money that way.

On the other hand, chiropractic can be extraordinarily helpful for a large amount of people. I hurt my back at work and was told by two doctors that I probably fractured or dislocated a rib. They didn't take X-rays but pumped me full of painkillers and anti-inflammatories. I went to a chiropractor based on a recommendation of a coworker. The doctor took an X-ray and my spine was seriously messed up. About my tailbone it started to curve left, then right, then at midback it curved left again. The curve is pinching nerves in various places, leaving me with really bizarre side effects.

For example, I can now tell how crooked my back is by how often I have to use the restroom. I know my bladder isn't full, but the nerves from my spine are being affected telling my bladder that it is full prematurely. Sometimes I'll go every two hours! I know it isn't related to any other disease because I am under 25 and when I go to physical therapy and chiropractic like I'm supposed to, the symptoms vanish. I haven't had trouble with that in a while since I've strengthened by back into holding its shape.

Applied properly, chiropractic can provide a wealth of relief to those with GENUINE problems. Any good chiropractor should have taken X-rays regularly on a patient being treated for a crooked spine. You can't tell what is going on by touch alone.

Also, if it takes 7 years to treat back pain... Perhaps 6 years ago a second opinion would have been a life saver. I don't mean any offense, I'm just saddened that these doctors sometimes put money ahead of people's lives and livelihoods.

Dec. 30 2009 06:04 PM
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Chris Smith

I really am disappointed. I somehow had missed this episode in when it was originally puked out upon us. The disservice that you do is amazing.

Here is another story about who the placebo effect works. A man who went to a chiropractor for 7 years straight to receive some minor relief from the constant back pain he suffered from, was informed by the new owner of the practice that perhaps he should visit with a medical doctor. He chose to do so and after three X-rays and a CT scan, the cancer diagnosis that was now unstoppable was shared with him. Of course 7 years too late; he died and left his wife with 3 boys to raise.

Belief in pseudoscience kills good people.

These charlatans kill people. They propagate fear, they propagate mistrust, and you have turned around and propagated that mistrust of science and medicine. How many people will now not seek real treatment because of your lack of a proper education on the science of these alleged phenomena….how many will die because of your lack of responsibility?

Dec. 30 2009 04:05 PM
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Kandice Garibay

This broadcast, for me, confirms the idea that thought holds more power than most people give it credit for. Just imagine how far we can go...

Dec. 30 2009 03:11 PM
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Wissam Dow

Oui. I as well...

Dec. 30 2009 03:16 AM
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Aaron

Oh, shucky darns. A rebroadcast. Oh well.

I'm patiently waiting for two weeks from now. Verrrry patiently.
Season 6 was great. I'm hoping for a great follow-up in season 7.

Dec. 28 2009 11:44 PM
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