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An Equation for Good

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question mark hand question mark hand (Abscond/flickr)

In a brief snippet from a conversation Robert had with Richard Dawkins at the 92 Street Y in New York City, we learn that natural selection is often a brutal arms race, inherently full of suffering and cruelty. But if Darwin's big idea is really predicated on pain and selfishness, why does selflessness exist?

Lynn Levy brings us the story of George Price, who bopped through the 60s like some kind of scientific Forrest Gump. He worked on the atom bomb, transitors, computer-aided-design, and eventually turned his attention to the problem of altruism. Lynn talks to Oren Harman, author of The Price of Altruism, and George's daughters Annamarie and Kathleen, who help us get to know this complicated genius.  In 1967, George left his family, went to London, and wrote a mathematical equation to explain why one creature might sacrifice its own interests for another. Carl Zimmer helps us understand why altruism is such a problem in the first place, and how family might hold the key to understanding apparently selfless acts. The so-called Price Equation changed biology ... and ultimately led Price to spend the rest of his life trying to transcend his own equation.  

Guests:

Richard Dawkins, Oren Harman and Carl Zimmer

Contributors:

Lynn Levy

Comments [23]

Fatima from texas

First I love radiolab..
The program of be nice and then do what the other does with an exception of sometime reminds me of something. I feel being moses most of the time and jesus some time reminds me of islamic teaching. Its like the "mohamad" an eye for and eye but forgivness is better. And the person who starts the problem is in the wrong.
Anyway awesome show love all of it

Feb. 03 2012 12:07 AM

Poor George Price
Did all he could to prove that good could exist without the greed

Would I have the courage to know
All the reactions caused by my own
Love and hate peace and rage
The bounty of my bones

Poor George Price
did everything he could to be a better man than I
Horrified by what he had found
In the equations that he broke down
Selflessness does not exist according to the math

How far would I go to survive
Would I be willing to sacrifice
The good I know and let it go
to see the animal Inside

Poor George Price
Crimson soaked scissors
Struggle in vain
to forget the absence of grace

( by TJ Arriaga)

Dec. 30 2011 11:51 PM
Emily from Chicago, IL

I also want to know what music is played from minutes 3-4? Who wrote it? It's beautiful!

Thanks!

Sep. 22 2011 03:59 PM
J.C. Saavedra from California

The Evolution of Cooperation, Robert Axelrod, emphasizes such notions of altruism as he embarks on the explanation of the "Prisoners Dilemma." It's a great simplified book to understand the mathematics thats involved.

Aug. 16 2011 03:13 PM
Alex

It seems that there's a basic evolutionary element to cooperation that is ultimately a matter of self-interest or species-interest. But humans, and perhaps some other higher animals, have reached the point of there being some mental and emotional aspects that potentially take things to a whole new level. You can't say that of an amoeba.

Jul. 07 2011 12:10 AM
bjornagain from Sweden

I admit I dont fully understand Daves calculation, but I think dawkians are a bit to simplistic. Humans are very, very complex and add to that very, very complex cultures.

You cant calculate how the so called selfish gene will behave. I have CHOSEN not to have (biological) children. We do not have to do what the genes tell us to do, we can do the exact opposite if we like.

Jul. 03 2011 03:53 PM
Erin

Would have loved to hear a discussion of biological altruism added to this story. Greenbeards, for example, illustrate the biological aspect of altruism, which is different from (at least) some aspects of human altruism. It informs and expands the conversation...

May. 10 2011 12:24 AM

Hey RadioLab! There's probably another great show about Harvard evolutionary biologist Robert Trivers, both his work and his life. Ten years before Axelrod, Trivers was the one of the first to explore the implications of the Prisoner's Dilemma for evolution and coined the expression "reciprocal altruism."

Apr. 22 2011 12:04 PM
skip from Washington DC

E. O. Wilson is causing a huge public controversy by challenging the validity of the math behind the kin selection theory of altruism. Please consider doing a short that discusses this development. Be warned, Dawkins and Wilson on opposite sides and are saying inflammatory things about their opponents.

Apr. 21 2011 10:57 AM
dave from New Hampshire

I really enjoyed this show, but it is ashame that on a segment on math (an equation) you fall for and perpetuate a common type of error people make when dealing with percentages or probabilities. You share 50% percent of your genes with your sister and 50% with your brother, but your sister also shares 50% with your brother. Half of those genes your sister and brother share you also have (since you each get a random 50% of the pool of genes from each of your parents). This means that by saving both your siblings, you are saving 75% of the genes. Of course there are two of them so they could potentially have twice the number of kids you would have had if you'd let them drown. If you would have ended up having two kids then 75% of your genes get passed down to the next generation meaning it's a wash on diversity but a loss on effective descendants (since your brothers plus your sisters kids would make four in total). If you would have had three kids then you're at a loss when it comes to gene diversity (75% vs 87.5%) but you're still double on effective descendants (interesting trade off there).

Apr. 14 2011 11:16 PM
andy

What is the song that is playing when they discuss George Price's suicide, approx/ 21:30-21:40 into the show?

Thanks for any help!

Apr. 07 2011 11:52 AM
Peter Pappas from Portland, OR

Enjoyed your analysis of the "Prisoner's Dilemma" Here's a version I adapted to use in the classroom. Made for a great activity to explore decision-making and communications. http://www.edteck.com/lessons/decision.htm

Apr. 06 2011 11:55 PM
Libby Byers

Radiolab is just the kind of info and discussion I want and need to hear. I'm a long retired professor who taught aspects of human development and I find in my oldness that the craving of the intellect doesn't go away!
Thank you for your work.
Libby Byers

Apr. 03 2011 08:34 PM
G from Philadelphia

What an engrossing segment. I listened with rapt attention. The ending hit me like a ton of bricks, I must say.

Feb. 21 2011 02:01 PM
Millka

Hello,
Does anybody know how exactly Biological and Cultural (or Social) Evolution are similar AND differ?
Any good article out there summarizing it?

C

Feb. 10 2011 02:41 PM
GVS from Chicago

If there is no true altruism why did the brother not save himself before his sister? Why does anyone go in harms way, in order to protect someone else.

Any response?

Feb. 04 2011 02:14 AM
Kendrix from San marcos, tx

Can anyone tell me any books over the "Why Families stick Together" subject?

Feb. 02 2011 04:39 AM
Anvil from Germany

Can someone tell me what the music is called that starts at 16:35? :)

Terrific show by the way!

Jan. 29 2011 12:14 PM
Discocity

The music in the beginning is Dorval by Julia Kent (from the album Delay). Quite lovely. And a lovely show.

Jan. 06 2011 01:39 AM
Simcha

Great show, however I just want to mention an unfortunate falsehood in your application of the "equation". If your sister has 50% of your genes, and your brother has 50% of your genes, you won't be saving 100% of your genes. The genes that you share with them are random. Some of those genes that your sister and brother share with you are identical, and some will be identical between them but not the one you have.

Jan. 05 2011 11:06 PM
dan! from Seattle, WA

Great show!

I really want to know what the music is from minute 3 to 4? On the longer podcast version I got via itunes the music was a little longer.
What is it? Who wrote it? where can I get more like it?

Keep up the great work Radiolab!

Jan. 05 2011 05:37 PM
shihab from nyc

I am new to this web/blog site. It appears intellectually addicting and thought provoking. I am glad I digressed and clicked away to Radiolab.

Dec. 20 2010 08:52 AM
gilad malach from California

What an amazing program - thank you RADIOLAB!!! George Price's story is the
dramatic embodiment of the deepest mysteries of altruism. I highly recommend Oren Harman's book, The Price of Altruism, which is one of the best books I've read in recent (and not so recent) memory. The tale is deep and beautiful,
and should become a feature film. It's the kind
of moving human story that comes around very rarely, and that will touch every one's heart.

Dec. 15 2010 06:51 AM

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